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"Principles of Inheritance and Variation: Videos"

00:00:51 Today I am here to present the topic principles of inheritance and variation the fifth chapter in 12th biology. Before going into the details of this chapter, we have to clear the points. Why to study genetics? What is genetics? And why the two children of the same family differ each other and why the identical twins are resembling each other. You might have seen in your family also the children are differing from their parents in some of the fundamental characters and similarly children are resembling with


00:02:01 their parents also in most of their characters. Why this happens? You may be amazing. You might have think about it many times. So here in this chapter we will learn why it happens. So heredity you might have heard this term resemblance of progenies with their parents in most of the characters. For example, if the mother is having curly hair, the daughter is also having curly hair in some cases. Father is having white complexion and the son is also having the same white complexion. So like this in most of the


00:03:07 characters the progenies are resembling with their parents. So resemblance of a parents resemblance of a progenies with the parents in most of the characters that we will call it as heredity and similarly some of the progenies differ from their parents and that phenomenon we will call it as variation. Now when we study about these two aspects heredity and variation then it forms the branch genetics. So genetics is a branch of biology that deals with heredity and variation. The term genetics that was coined by


00:04:09 William Badson in 1906 and the father of genetics Gregor Johan Mendel. As I told you in the introduction, what is a heredity? The tendency of the progenies to resemble with their parents in most of the characters. And if the progenies differ from their parents then that phenomenon that is known as variation. Now before going to the details I would like to present a life sketch of Mendel. He was born in 1822 in a present family in Moravia in Austria. He became a monk in the Augustinian monastery at Brun in Austria


00:05:25 in 1843. Later he was ordained as a priest in 1847. And he became a teacher also. He conducted hybridization experiments on pea plants at his monastery garden from 1856 to 1865. He published his findings in the year 1866 in the annual proceeding of natural history society of Brun. His laws from the form the basis of science for genetics. So he is known as the father of genetics. He attended courses in physics, maths and science in Vienna University. He conducted hybridization experiments or breeding experiments in


00:06:36 garden P at his monastery garden from 1856 to 1865. But his work remain hidden for a long period of time. Why it happens? Why his work remain unnoticed for a longer period of time? His work was ahead of his time. His work was published in a journal that has a limited circulation at that time. He himself was not sure about his findings. He followed mathematical approach in working out the biological problems. But it was very strange at that time. All the biologists were busy with the Darwin's theory of evolution.


00:07:43 So his work remained hidden for a long period of time. But later in 1900 his work was rediscovered by a group of three scientists. Hugo Dies of Netherland, Carl Corins of Germany, Eric Von Shermark of Austria rediscovered the valuable Mendel's work in 1900. You can see here the pictures called Corin, Hugo Dies, Eric Von Shermark, the three scientists who rediscovered Mendel's work. Mendel selected the experimental material that is garden P. Its scientific name is pyome sativ. Why he selected pea plant as his experimental


00:09:05 material even though there are so many flowering plants with fragrance beautiful colors huge sized flowers. But why he selected this particular plant garden P for his hybridization experiment? You all know it is a herbaceious plant, very small plant with a very short life cycle. Within a one year it will produce its flowers and it will perishes. So it is easy for us to conduct hybridization experiments and we will get the results very quickly. The second reason is availability of a large number of


00:09:57 varieties. Innumerable number of varieties of pea plants are available. So any scientist can use any of these varieties for his experiment. then this plant will produce a large number of seeds. The availability of a large number of seeds is at another reason for selecting PL plant as experimental material. So if a plant is having only one seed sometimes it will not germinate. So in that particular case the result of the hybridization experiment was not obtained. So here there is no chance for this flop of the hybridization program


00:10:49 because large number of seeds and thereby larger number of progenies will be produced. Presence of a large number of contrasting characters. Now here I would like to mention what is a contrasting character. Different expressions of the same character that is called as contrasting character. For example, if we are considering the character flower color, then purple as well as white the two extremes they are the contrasting characters. Then the this particular uh flower that possess it is a bisexual


00:11:40 flower which have self-pollination. Pollen grains of the same flower will fall in the stigma of the same flower. Self-pollination. It is bisexual in the sense that it has both male as well as female sex organ in the same flower. Now when you see this flower it's corola is a pegium one that is papillionous corola. Now I'll show you the diagram of a papillion corola. It is simply known as butterfly like corola. There is one standard petal of large size. Then there are two wing petals and there are two


00:12:49 keals. So this particular type of corona that is easy for doing the hybridization experiments. So here you can see the standard petal large one and outer petal and on either side there are two wing petals which are kept inside to this standard petal and there are two uh ke petals and inside this ke petal they present the sex organs that is and as well as gynium. So it is easy for the scientist to do hybridization experiments here. It is easy to open the petals and do the cross-pollination then we can close it also. So that is


00:13:36 advantage of having this particular papillonious type of corola here. Here you can see the pea flower garden pea flower purple as well as white. As I mentioned earlier these two are the contrasting character for the color of the flower. The single trait color of the flower with the two different extreme expressions that is one purple and the other is white. And here you have you can see the round shaped seeds. Now we can familiarize some of the important terms in this one. First it is very important about to


00:14:32 know what is a gene. As we all know that gene is the unit of heredity. It is the unit of inheritance of characters from parents to offspring. It is the unit of transmission of a character from parents to offspring which is a part of the DNA that is present in the chromosomes seen in the nucleus of a cell and each and every character of an organism is controlled by a pair of genes. Now the next important thing is alals or at another name is alilomorphs. The alternative forms of the same gene controlling the same trait or the


00:15:28 same character which is seen in the same locus of a homologous chromosome that is known as alals or alilomorphs. For example, when we consider the character tall, when we consider the character height of the stem, there also dwarfness. So capital T and small T are the two alles controlling the same character length of the stem or even height of the plant which are seen in the same locus of the homologous chromosome. Now coming to the phenotype. Phenotype refers to the external character of an organism for a particular trait or it is


00:16:37 the external appearance or it is the expression of a gene gene product. It is controlled by the genes as well as the external environment. Now coming to the genotype, it refers to the genetic makeup or even the genetic constitution of an individual for a particular trait. By seeing a particular individual, we can say only the phenotype, not the genotype. We can never say that if a tall man is walking through the road. We can't say that capital T capital T is working or we can't say that capital T small T is


00:17:27 working. We can say only tall man is working. So we can say only the phenotype not the genotype. Now coming to homozygous. An individual that bears two similar alles at a given locus for a particular character. For example, capital R capital R gene that controls the phenotype red color of the flower. Now regarding heterosygus an individual bios two different alles for a particular character and seen at the given locus. For example, if an individual is hetereroygous tall then it will be represented as capital T


00:18:22 small T. And for red flower color if the plant is hetererozygous then we will write it as capital R small R. Now regarding pure line or pure breeding or true breeding an individual that produces same type of phenotype same type of characters in all the progenies in all the generations. then it is pure breeding or true breeding or pure line and such individuals will be always homozygous. So later in this chapter there will come so many problems genetics problems there it will be given only as pure line or pure breeding. So


00:19:23 here the concept must be clear a pure line plant or an individual that will be always homozygous and it will breeds the true it will produce the same phenotype for all the generations in all the progenies. Now how can we convert a plant or an individual into a pure breeding one? We can do continuous inbreeding in the case of animals and in plants we can do continuous self-pollination. So by continuous self-pollination or by continuous inbreeding we can convert an individual into a pure breeding one or a pure line


00:20:13 or a true breeding one or into a homozygous one. Now how a character can be symbolized? Symbolization of characters. The first letter of the character dominant character that is taken. We will consider the do the first letter of the dominant character. For example, the character is tall. Tall begins with the T. So we will be uh take the first letter T and it is written as capital letter for dominant character and the same letter T if we are writing in small letters it will form the recessive character.


00:21:09 So this is one system of symbolization where we are using the first letter of the dominant character and it is written in capital then it will form dominant character and if it is written in small letter then it will form the recessive character. There is yet another method of representation also where we can select the recessive character. Then the first letter of that recessive character is selected. It can be written as capital for dominant character and if it is written as small letter then it will form the recessive


00:21:58 character. Here you can see the condition. We will take the character contrasting character dwarf. This is the recessive character. It begins with the letter D. That first letter we are considering and we are using capital D for representing the dominant character tall. And we are using small letter D for representing the dwarf that is the recessive character. So there are two system of symbolization of a particular character. Now before going to this monohybrid across what are the characters studied


00:22:52 by Mendle that we have to learn. Mendle studied a seven pairs of contrasting characters. First one length of the stem or even height of the stem. Here the contrasting characters are tall and dwarf. Second character is color of the flower. Here are the contrasting character is purple and white. Now coming to the third one position of the flower. It is axial and terminal color of the board. There comes green. and yellow. Then shape of the pod. There comes inflated and constricted. Color of the seed,


00:25:28 yellow and green shape of the seat. Here comes round and ringled. So here you can see the seven pairs of contrasting characters studied by Mendel. Mendel considered only one character at a time and studied the inheritance of a particular character fully at a time. So the different seven pairs of contrasting characters that each and every child should learn and try to identify which one is dominant and which one is recessive. It is very very important in this context for doing the genetics problems. So the first


00:26:43 character here is length of this term. The different expressions you can see here one is tall and the other is dwarf. That means same character or the trait is expressed in two different alternative forms. There is one tall and the other is dwarf. Contrasting characters. Here the first one tall is dominant and dwarf is recessive. Second character study by Mendel is color of the flower. The different expressions are purple and white. The two extreme contrasting characters expressions phenotype. Here purple is dominant over


00:27:46 white. In some context it in some of the genetics problems you can see red versus white. Then red is dominant over white. Now coming to the position of the flower axial and terminal. Now what is axial? You know the angle between leaf and stem that is called axle. And if the flower is seen in the axle then that flower is known as axial flower. And if it is seen at the tip of this term then it is terminal flower. Correlate this one as or memorize this one. Which one is dominant and which one is recessive? You can use


00:28:40 the correlation in your alphabet. A comes first. So A is dominant. That means axial is dominant here. And the other character you know that is terminal. Now after the flower there comes the fruits that means sp here we will say a spot color of the pot you know the prominent color in plants that is green and here also the thing is again you can apply G comes first then why so G is dominant that means green is dominant and LO is recessive. Now in the port the next character is its form or shape shape of


00:29:33 the port. Inflated and constricted. Inflated means external appearance. You can't see any position of the seed. But you will be have you will have the doubt whether it has seed or not. It will be just like thin and flat. And in constricted port you can see it clearly an external appearance of the seed can be felt outside itself. Constrictions are there. And when we consider this one capital I as well as C I is longer one. So you can again correlate it as the dominant character. inflated one is


00:30:22 dominant. Now coming to seed. Seeds are seen inside the pond. So next character we will say the seed that means color color of the seed just a reverse of the color of the pod. You can see here. So first you memorize color of the pod then only comes the seed. So just reverse of this case you can apply here that is the memorization in this aspect. So color of the seed the dominant character will be yellow and recessive character will be green. Now coming to the shape of the seed or form of the seed. Form of the


00:31:08 seed is round and the other one is wringled with the wringles. Here there is no wrinkle at all. It is smooth surface round and prominent one. The round and wringled. Here also you can see which letter comes first. R will come first in your alpha in your uh alphabets. So here round is dominant over wringled. So in this way you have it to memorize all these seven pairs of contrasting characters. It is highly essential to learn the genetics and its problems properly. So no need to bart it by correlated study. You can memorize all


00:31:54 these things. Just step by step you have it to move analyze a plant. First you can see the height of the stem, length of the stem with the tall and dwarf, color of the flower, purple and white. Then coming to the second character of the flower that is position axial terminal. Then color of the pod green and yellow. Shape of the pod or form of the pod inflated constricted. Color of the seed just the reverse of color of the pod that is yellow and green. Then form of the seed or even shape of the seed round and


00:32:48 wringled. Now we will move to the next aspect. The basic of this one genetics monohybrid cross mono means single a cross involving two parents and these two parents are differing in one pair of contrasting characters. So a cross involving two parents differing in one pair of contrasting characters that is called as monohybrid cru. For example, we are using the character here length of the stem or height of the plant where the contrasting characters are tall and dwarf. If we are using the character


00:33:48 color of the flower then the contrasting characters are purple and white. So these two examples we can make so many examples out of these seven pairs of contrasting characters. So this example where we are using only one pair of contrasting character. Two parents are involved and they are differing in only one pair of contrasting character. So it is an example of monohybrid cruise. No mental detailed hybridization experiment. First selection of pure breeding parents. As I have already told you pure


00:34:38 breeding means true breeding or pure line. That plant is homozygous in genotype and it will produce only the same phenotype for all the generations. It breeds true in its phenotype. So we can consider a true breeding plant or a pure line plant for the hybridization program. Suppose it is not available we can convert it into a pure breeding plant by continuous self-pollination and pure breeding plants will be always homozygous that is yet another concept that we have to memorize and they will pass the


00:35:28 character as such to the progenies to the offsprings. Second step hybridization of the selected parents. Mendel selected in the original cross the tall plant is taken as male parent and dwarf plant is taken as female parent. Before doing the hybridization experiment, we have to cover the flowers in order to avoid contamination with foreign pollen grains. Then collect the pollen grains from the tall male plant and dusted on the stigma of the dwarf female plant. That means we are doing hybridization or even cross


00:36:33 pollination. After doing the crosspollination also we have to bag the flower the crosspollinated flour in order to avoid contamination with foreign pollen grains. Now after maturity collect the seeds and sewn sewing the seeds. After that the hybrid plants are obtained. Menel analyzed the plant in the first generation and it was found that all the plants all the plants of the first generation were tall in phenotype. Now here it is written as F1 generation. One means first and F stands for filial. The first filial


00:37:31 generation. Now what is the meaning of the word filial? Fil refers to offsprings progenies. So the first hybrid progenies are produced by the crossing of P generation. P generation means parental generation. The symbol F1 that is the first filial generation F1 the term was coined by Badson and Santos in the year 1902. In the third step, Mendel conducted self-pollination in the F1 hybrid plants and in order to produce the F_sub_2 generation. F_sub_2 here means second filial generation. That means the


00:38:31 generation in which the second hybrid progenies are produced by the selfing of F1 progenies. Mendel observed in the F2 generation three tall that means 75%age of the F2 progenies were tall in phenotype and 25%age of the F2 progenies are dwarf in phenotype again he conducted self-pollination among the F2 progenies and produced the F3 generation. The third generation, third filial generation. In the F3 generation, the result obtained was amazing. One third of the tall progenies produced only tall


00:39:46 progenies and 2x3 tall progenies of the F2 generation produced both the tall and dwarf progenies in the ratio 3 is to 1 again 1 by4 that means out of the whole progenies of the F2 generation 25%age they are dwarf and they produced only dwarf progenies in the F3 generation. So listen once again I am repeating the observation of F2 monohybrid. See the results of the F2 generation. You can see here three tall and one dwarf progeny selfing of the F2 progenies to produce the F3 generation. And here in the F3


00:40:58 generation 1x3 tall plants produced the tall plants only and the 2x3 tall plants produced both the tall and dwarf in the ratio 3 is to1. 1x4 of the F2 progenies that is the dwarf progeny produced only dwarf as I have shown to you in this punet square and after that we are coming to the conclusion the phenotypic ratio is 3 is to 1 as we got three tall and one dwarf in F2 generation. Genotypic ratio is 1 is to2 is to1 that is one homozygous 2 hetererozygous and one homozygous and recessive. Again one capital T, capital


00:42:13 T individual. Two individuals are having capital T and small T. One individual is having small T small T. So the genotypic ratio is 1 is to 2 is to 1. Now it is the time for you to answer the questions, the review questions. First question for you, how can we convert a bisexual flower into a female flower? Yes, your answer is here. We can convert a bisexual flower into a female flower by removing the anthers before dehyence. You know dehyence that is splitting up of the anther at the time of maturity to


00:43:15 release the pollen grains. So removal of hers before dehyence from a bisexual flower that is called as emasculation and it is done to convert a bisexual flower into a female flower and its role is to prevent selfpollination. Now here is your second question. We have given different set of characters. Here you have to identify which among the following is dominant and recessive. Here the characters are excel flour, wringled seeds, red flower, constricted part, yellow seed and green part. You have to


00:44:15 identify which among these is dominant character and which are the recessive characters. Yes, your answer. Axial flower, red flower, yellow seed, green pod are dominant. Wringled seed, constricted pod are recessive. Now it is the time for you to ponder about it or think it over. Is there any need for emasculation in a pea plant that is considered as male parent? If not, why it is so? Thank you.

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Overview

NEET Class 12 Biology NCERT Chapter 5 Principles of Inheritance and Variation

In this video, we will cover:

1. Heredity

2. Inheritance and Variation

3. Mendelian Inheritance

4. Reasons why Mendel’s work remained unrecognized?

5. Rediscovery of Mendel’s work

6. Reasons for choosing Garden pea for experiments

7. Contrasting traits studied by Mendel

8. Monohybrid and Dihybrid crosses

9. Mendel’s Hybridisation Experiment

10. Mendelian Principles of Inheritance

11. Principle of Paired factors and Dominance

12. Dominant vs Recessive

13. Genotype vs Phenotype

14. Law of Segregation

15. NEET Preparation 2026-2027

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Chapter 5 Principles of Inheritance and Variation Class 12 NEET Biology deals with:

  •     Genetics is the branch of biology which deals with inheritance and variations of characters from parents to offspring.
  •     Father of Genetics is Gregor Johann Mendel.
  •     Inheritance is the process of passing characters from parent to progeny. It is the basis of heredity.
  •     Variations is the degree by which progeny differs from parents. Variations can be in terms of physiology, morphology and behavioral characteristics of individual belonging to same species. Variations arise due to reshuffling of chromosomes, crossing over, mutations and effect of environment.

MENDEL’S LAW OF INHERITANCE

  •     Mendel conducted hybridization experiments on garden peas for seven years (1856-1863). On the basis of these experiments he proposed the laws of inheritance.
  •     He selected the characters that has two opposing traits and concluded his hybridization experiments on 14 true-breeding pea plant varieties.
  •     True-breeding means a breeding line which has undergone continuous self-pollination and shows stable trait inheritance and expression for many generations.

Reasons for selecting garden pea plant:

  •     Easily available on large scale.
  •     There are many varieties with distinct characteristics.
  •     They are self-pollinated and can be cross-pollinated easily.
  •     They have a short life cycle.
  •     Reason for success of Mendel:
  •     He studied one character at a time.
  •     He used available techniques to avoid cross pollination by undesirable pollen grains.
  •     He applied mathematics and statistics to analyze the results obtained from him.
  •     Mendel selected seven contrasting characters for the experiment.

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  • NEET Biology Principles of Inheritance and Variation NEET chapter 4 DPPs: A set of 20 questions from each chapter for you to attempt and check your understanding. Solutions are also available and can be downloaded in pdf format. Download Principles of Inheritance and Variation NEET Biology NEET chapter 4 DPPs solutions PDF for free. Practice these questions once you have watched the videos of the chapter; try to answer on your own. Once done, refer to the solutions to check if you were right or not. This would improve your problem-solving skills as well as help you revise topics you are less confident with. In fact, our research says that the majority of the students feel that their concepts are clear while attending a class or watching a lecture video. But it is during solving a problem or numerical that they truly get to know if they have understood the concept or not. Therefore, we strongly recommend you to solve the DPPs as soon as you have watched all the videos of that chapter.
  • NEET Principles of Inheritance and Variation Online Tests: For every chapter, you can take a test of 10 Multiple choice questions. Correct answers along with explanations will be provided after you submit the test. A set of new 10 questions will appear when you try to attempt the test for the same chapter again. This will help you to revise your concepts on Principles of Inheritance and Variation NEET Biology. Self-evaluation is one of the best ways for you to understand how much clarity you have got on the concepts of that topic. Based on where you are getting stuck, you can give extra focus on those topics. Taking tests frequently always helps you improve your speed and accuracy.
  • Principles of Inheritance and Variation NEET NEET solutions: All questions from NEET textbook are solved in detail, along with video solutions for each question. Download Principles of Inheritance and Variation NEET NCERT solutions PDF for free. Students often get stuck while solving the questions in the exercises of NEET textbook. You can watch the NEET solutions in the form of videos with our experts, and can also refer to pdf format on our website as well as app. If you are a student of CBSE or preparing for exams for NEET, JEE, Civil services, NDA etc. NEET textbooks are very important for you. Please note that we have uploaded videos as per the Revised NEET textbooks (2023-24). Therefore, you can completely rely on the content on our website/app.
  • NEET Biology Sample papers: You must attempt a couple of our specially curated sample papers before appearing for your exam. This will boost your confidence and also help you practice. Once you have completed the syllabus, it is very important for you to solve Sample papers. In an exam-like environment, solve the sample paper. Once done, check the answers and understand which are your strong areas and which are the weaker ones. The sample papers are created based on the complete syllabus of a particular subject.
  • NEET Biology Previous Years’ Questions: Questions that appeared in the last 5-7 years along with detailed solutions for better understanding for the entire NEET Biology syllabus. This is a very critical step towards your preparation for any examination. This gives you a fair idea of what kind of questions are asked in that particular exam. It also helps you understand the important topics from where the majority of questions are framed. We will provide you with Previous years’ questions of Class 10 and Class 12 NEET exams, as well as NEET, JEE, both in video format as well as PDF format.
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Principles of Inheritance and Variation FAQs

How many Video Lectures are there for Principles of Inheritance and Variation?▶

neetbharath.in offers 20 free NEET Video Lectures for Principles of Inheritance and Variation, each with 10-20 questions—200-300 total. Crafted from 25 years of NEET trends, they cover all 2-3 questions this chapter brings to NEET Exam!

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What topics do these Video Lectures cover?▶

Our 20 NEET Video Lectures span Principles of Inheritance and Variation’s syllabus: atomic models (Bohr, Rutherford), quantum numbers, spectral series (e.g., Balmer n₂ = 3 to n₁ = 2), de Broglie wavelength, photoelectric effect—everything NEET Exam tests.

Do the Video Lectures come with solutions?▶

Absolutely! Each of our 20 NEET Video Lectures includes instant, detailed solutions—e.g., calculate Bohr energy (Eₙ = -13.6 Z²/n²) for He⁺ or spectral wavelength. Learn and fix mistakes fast.

Can I practice under NEET exam conditions?▶

Yes, our 20 timed NEET Video Lectures mimic the real exam—45 Biology questions, ~1 minute each. Perfect for mastering Principles of Inheritance and Variation’s 2-3 questions under pressure.

Are these Video Lectures updated for NEET Exam?▶

Definitely! Our 20 NEET Video Lectures are refreshed weekly for NEET Exam, focusing on Bohr’s model, quantum numbers, and more—no syllabus cuts noted, just pure numerical and conceptual prep.

What’s Principles of Inheritance and Variation’s weightage in NEET?▶

Principles of Inheritance and Variation carries 2-3 questions (8-12 marks) in NEET’s 180-mark Biology section. Our 20 mock tests ensure you nail every point with targeted practice.

How do 25-year trends shape these tests?▶

Our experts analyze 25 years of NEET questions—like 2022’s quantum number set or 2023’s photoelectric V₀—to craft our 20 Video Lectures, matching the exam’s style and difficulty.

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Practice all 20 NEET Video Lectures (200-300 questions)—focus on Bohr energy, spectral lines, and quantum rules. Review solutions (e.g., λ = h/mv errors), and build speed with our timed format.

Why pick neetbharath.in for Principles of Inheritance and Variation?▶

neetbharath.in delivers 20 free NEET Video Lectures for Principles of Inheritance and Variation, each with 10-20 questions, rooted in 25 years of NEET data. Free, updated, and expert-crafted—they’re your edge for NEET Exam 2-3 questions.

Class 12 Biology Principles of Inheritance and Variation NCERT chapter 4


Revision of Class 12 Biology Principles of Inheritance and Variation is a crucial aspect of effective learning. Revision plays a vital role in the learning process and is especially important before exams. Here are some key points you can consider emphasizing in your content:

  1. - Retention and Memory: Regularly reviewing and revisiting the material of Class 12 Biology Principles of Inheritance and Variation helps reinforce the concepts in student's minds. It strengthens memory pathways, making it easier to recall information during exams and beyond.
  2. - Consolidation of Knowledge: When you revise notes, you are essentially consolidating your knowledge. This means connecting new information with what you already know, making the overall understanding more robust.
  3. - Identifying Knowledge Gaps: Revision allows students to identify any gaps in their understanding or areas where they need further clarification. This gives you a chance to seek help or delve deeper into those topics. For detailed understanding, you can always refer to the videos of Principles of Inheritance and Variation Class 12 Biology NCERT chapter 4 on neetbharath.in
  4. - Building Confidence: As you revise Principles of Inheritance and Variation Class 12 Biology and become more familiar with the content, your confidence in your abilities grows. Confidence is a crucial factor in exam performance as it reduces anxiety and allows you to approach exams with a positive mindset.
  5. - Different Revision Techniques: Use a variety of revision techniques such as summarizing notes, creating flashcards, practicing past papers, discussing concepts with peers, and teaching others. Different techniques work for different students, and it's essential to find what suits you the best. You can also attend the LIVE Revision classes on neetbharath.in or watch the LIVE Revision Race videos of Neet Bharath Tutorials on Principles of Inheritance and Variation Class 12 Biology NCERT chapter 4.
  6. - Spacing Effect: Spacing out revision sessions over time, rather than cramming all at once, has been shown to improve long-term retention. Create a revision schedule leading up to the exams to allow for spaced practice.
  7. - Regular Revision over Cramming: Regular and consistent revision throughout the academic year is very important. Waiting until the last moment to cram everything can be overwhelming and less effective than spaced-out revision.
  8. - Self-Assessment: Assess your understanding periodically through quizzes or self-tests. This helps you to gauge your progress and identify areas that need further attention. Refer Class 12 Principles of Inheritance and Variation Online Tests.
  9. - Balanced Approach: Remind students to strike a balance between revision and other activities. Adequate rest, exercise, and relaxation are essential for optimal learning and performance.
  10. - Seeking Help: If you face difficulties during the revision process, Refer the videos of Class 12 Biology Principles of Inheritance and Variation. Clearing doubts promptly is crucial for a better grasp of the subject matter. You can always ask your doubts on Principles of Inheritance and Variation Class 12 Biology NCERT chapter 4. “Ask a Question” section of neetbharath.in

By highlighting the benefits and strategies of effective revision, you can approach your studies more mindfully and achieve better results in your exams. Best of luck bachhon!

Class 12 Biology seems to be a quite difficult subject for a lot of students. But, if you get a very good conceptual understanding of the subject, it can be very interesting for you.

We, at Neet Bharath Tutorials, will give our best to make Class 12 Biology Principles of Inheritance and Variation NCERT chapter 4 super-duper easy for you.

We aim at making learning fun as well as engaging for you with our complete end-end learning content with Principles of Inheritance and Variation Class 12 Biology Best videos, Notes, NCERT pdf, NCERT complete syllabus, tests and Practice Questions.

Always remember, it is very important to study with full concentration during Revision. Here are a few tips for you on how to revise with full focus:

  1. - Create a Distraction-Free Environment: Find a quiet and comfortable place to study where you can minimize distractions. Turn off or silence your phone, log out of social media accounts, and inform others around you that you need uninterrupted study time. A dedicated study environment will help you focus better.
  2. - Set Specific Goals: Before starting your study session, set clear and achievable goals. Break down your study material into smaller tasks, and plan what you want to accomplish during each session. Having specific goals will give you a sense of direction and purpose, making it easier to concentrate.
  3. - Use the Pomodoro Technique: The Pomodoro Technique is a time management method that involves studying in short, focused intervals, typically 25 minutes, followed by a short break of 5 minutes. After completing four sessions, take a longer break of around 15-30 minutes. This technique can improve focus and productivity by providing regular breaks to recharge.
  4. - Stay Organized: Keep your study materials, notes, and resources well-organized. Having everything you need at hand will save time and reduce distractions caused by searching for materials. Use color-coded folders or digital tools to maintain a structured study system.
  5. - Practice Mindfulness and Meditation: Before you begin studying, take a few minutes to practice mindfulness or meditation. Deep breathing exercises and clearing your mind of distractions can help you approach your study session with a calm and focused mindset.

- Remember, studying with full concentration is a skill that takes time and practice to develop. If you find your mind wandering during study sessions, gently bring your focus back to the task at hand and be patient with yourself. With consistent effort, you can improve your ability to concentrate and make the most of your study time.

Last but not the least, To get the best hold on Class 12 Biology Principles of Inheritance and Variation Book chapter 4. Do not forget to check out:

  • - Principles of Inheritance and Variation Class 12 Biology Best videos
  • - Principles of Inheritance and Variation Class 12 Biology NCERT Solutions
  • - Class 12 Biology Principles of Inheritance and Variation Revision notes
  • - Principles of Inheritance and Variation Class 12 Biology DPPS, Download PDF of solutions
  • - Class 12 Biology Principles of Inheritance and Variation Online Tests
  • - Class 12 Biology Sample papers


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