Chemistry of Hydrogen

Hydrogen Class 11 NEET Chemistry

On the earth Hydrogen exists as H2 molecule (dihydrogen). It constitutes to 10 % mass of universe. Hydrogen exit in many substances like carbohydrates, hydrocarbons etc. It is actually 3rd most abundant element

As you know, isotopes differ in number of neutrons .So, accordingly Protium has no neutron, Deuterium has 1 and Tritium has 2 neutrons. It is 1st element in Periodic table. Its position is anomalous as it resembles alkali metal and halogen.

Characteristics of Hydrogen

• Similarities with alkali metals – Its similarities with alkali metals are given below

• Same number of valence electrons -1

• Like alkali metals it has electropositive character

• Oxidation state =+1, example is in HCl

• It is strong reducing agent.

Similarities with Halogens –

•     Hydrogen has only Ionisation energy less than noble gases.

•     Ionisation energies of Hydrogen is 1312 kJmol-1 close to chlorine.

•     Oxidation state of Hydrogen is -1 in many compounds.

•     H2 is diatomic.

•     Hydrogen is non-metallic and exists in gaseous state.

Physical properties of H₂

•     It is colourless.

•     It is odourless.

•     It is tasteless.

•     Its vapor density = 1 (lighter than air).

•     It is non – poisonous.

•     It is solubility in H₂O is very low.

Chemical Properties –

•     It is chemicaly inert at room temperature.

•     Its chemical nature depends upon Bond dissocitaion energy of ( H – H)bond.

•     The Bond dissociation energy is high because of comparable sizes . Due to small size ,it requires high temperature to break the bond that is 2000k or more than that . At 5000k  it gets 95.5% dissociates.

•     Although the Bond dissociation energy is high for H – H, but still Hydrogen is reactive . It has  only 1 valence electron so, it combines or we can say react to attain 2 electrons.

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Hydrogen NEET Chemistry NEET Chapter 9

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