NEET Physics Notes For Class 12

NEET Physics Class 12 Syllabus 2026-27 includes 10 units. This year some chapters like s-Block, Hydrogen, States of matter, and Environmental Physics have been removed from NEET Physics Class 12 syllabus.

After the release of the revised Physics syllabus by the National Medical Commission (NMC), you have to prepare fewer chapters for NEET 2026-27. Moving Charges and Magnetism, Magnetism and Matter, Some basic concepts of organic Physics, and Electromagnetic Induction are some high-weightage chapters from the Class 12 Physics syllabus for NEET.

NEET exam pattern has been revised this year. To prepare your best, you must have the best study material for Physics syllabus. Along with that, you must solve NEET Physics mock tests and previous year's papers regularly.

CBSE Class 12 Physics Notes 2026-27

CBSE Class 12 Physics Notes are an essential part of the study material for any student wanting to pursue a career in engineering or a related field. Physics is the subject that helps us understand our surroundings using simple and complex concepts combined. Class 12 physics introduces us to a lot of such topics that are related to our daily lives, but yet we don't understand the concepts behind them.

At Neetbharath.in, we have developed these Class 12 Physics Notes to help students achieve academic excellence. These notes cover all 14 chapters of Class 12 Physics in detail, covering topics such as Electrostatics, Electrodynamics, Magnetism, Optics, and EM Waves, with examples, solved problems, and FAQs.

CBSE Notes Class 12 Physics
Class 12 Physics Notes
Students can also check CBSE Class 12 Physics Notes for Other Chapters and educate themselves on various subjects through the following resources:

CBSE Class 12 Physics Notes 2026-27 Chapter List

Chapter 1: Electric Charges and Fields
Chapter 2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance
Chapter 3: Current Electricity
Chapter 4: Moving Charges and Magnetism
Chapter 5: Magnetism and Matter
Chapter 6: Electromagnetic Induction
Chapter 7: Alternating Current
Chapter 8: Electromagnetic Waves
Chapter 9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments
Chapter 10: Wave Optics
Chapter 11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
Chapter 12: Atoms
Chapter 13: Nuclei
Chapter 14: Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits

CBSE Class 12 Physics Notes Chapter 1 - Electric Charges and Fields

The first chapter in Class 12 Physics is Electric Charges and Fields. In this chapter, electric charge is introduced once again to the students after class 9, but this time the study of charge is well-detailed and quite extensive. This chapter is the first chapter of electrostatics, i.e., the study of static charge, in which students study static charge and its various effects on other things, Coulomb's law, and many more things, which are listed as follows:

Electric Charge
Conductors and Insulators
Charging by Induction
Basic Properties of Electric Charge
Coulomb’s Law
Electric Field
Electric Field Lines
Electric Flux
Electric Dipole
Continuous Charge Distribution
Gauss’s Law
Applications of Gauss’s Law

CBSE Class 12 Physics Notes Chapter 2 - Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

The second chapter of electrostatic is about Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance, which is the continuation of the first chapter and extends the foundational knowledge of electrostatics to the dimension of potential, which in very simple terms is the accumulation of charges. A list of all the other things than Potential which students study in this chapter is as follows:

Electrostatic Potential
Potential Due to a Point Charge
Potential Due to an Electric Dipole
Potential Due to a System of Charges
Equipotential Surfaces
Potential Energy of a System of Charges
Potential Energy in an External Field
Electrostatics of Conductors
Dielectrics and Polarisation
Capacitors and Capacitance
The Parallel Plate Capacitor
Effect of Dielectric on Capacitance
Combination of Capacitors
Energy Stored in a Capacitor

CBSE Class 12 Physics Notes Chapter 3 - Current Electricity

Current Electricity is the third chapter of Class 12 Physics, which is an extension of the previous year's classes on the same topic. Here, all the previously studied topics are again introduced but with very detailed explanations which help clear out the doubts of the previous year's class where understanding of the current and electricity is very simple. In his chapter, we study not only the foundational topics but the further extension of electricity and various equipment related to it and study all the following topics:

Electric Current
Electric Currents in Conductors
Ohm’s Law
Drift of Electrons
Origin of Resistivity
Limitations of Ohm’s Law
Temperature Dependence of Resistivity
Electrical Energy, Power
Combination of Resistors — Series and Parallel
Cells, Emf, Internal Resistance
Cells in Series and in Parallel
Kirchhoff’s Rules
Wheatstone Bridge
Meter Bridge
Potentiometer

CBSE Class 12 Physics Notes Chapter 4 - Moving Charges and Magnetism

After the study of static charge, its natural continuation should be the study of moving charge i.e., Electrodynamics. Chapter 4 of class 12 physics introduces us to the study of electrodynamics, where we study moving charges and get to know that motion of charge (electricity) creates magnetism as well. This chapter introduces us to the various topic related to moving charge and magnetic field due to charge as well, and that is as follows:

Magnetic Force
Motion in a Magnetic Field
Motion in Combined Electric and Magnetic Fields
Magnetic Field Due to a Current Element
Biot-savant Law
Magnetic Field on the Axis of a Circular Current Loop
Ampere’s Circuital Law
The Solenoid and the Toroid
Force Between Two Parallel Currents Conductors
Torque on Current Loop, Magnetic Dipole
The Moving Coil Galvanometer

CBSE Class 12 Physics Notes Chapter 5 - Magnetism and Matter

Chapter 5 deals with Magnetism as well but in a matter unlike chapter 4. In this chapter, we learn about the general concept of magnetism and the magnetism of matter. We also learn about the Magnetim of Earth (which is quite fascinating) and the various magnetic properties of materials. Other than this all the topics which this chapter covers are as follows:

Magnetism
Gauss’s Law of Magnetism
The Earth’s Magnetism
Magnetisation and Magnetic Intensity
Magnetic Properties of Materials
Permanent Magnets and Electromagnets

CBSE Class 12 Physics Notes Chapter 6 - Electromagnetic Induction

After understanding the magnetism of materials that surround us, it is only natural that we study electromagnetism (which in other words can be said synthetic magnetism as it is discovered by humans). In Chapter 6, we study the magnetism and magnetic field discovered and invented by humans. This chapter also introduces us to many scientists who have done marvellous work in the field of physics. Besides, we study the following topics:

Experiments of Faraday and Henry
Magnetic Flux
Faraday’s Law of Induction
Lenz’s Law and Conservation of Energy
Motional Electromotive Force
Energy Consideration: a Quantitative Study
Eddy Currents
Inductance
Ac Generator

CBSE Class 12 Physics Notes Chapter 7 - Alternating Current

Physics Class 12 chapter seven is named Alternating Current, which clearly declares what we are going to study in this chapter. This chapter introduces students to the wonders of Alternating Current and how different electrical components; such as resistors, capacitors, and inductors, etc, deal with Alternating current. This chapter also establishes the wave representation of A.C. and its different use cases. A detailed list of all the topics which this chapter covers is as follows:

Ac Voltage Applied to a Resistor
Representation of Ac Current and Voltage by Rotating Vectors — Phasors
Ac Voltage Applied to an Inductor
Ac Voltage Applied to a Capacitor
Ac Voltage Applied to a Series Lcr Circuit
Power in Ac Circuit: the Power Factor
Lc Oscillations
Transformer

CBSE Class 12 Physics Notes Chapter 8 - Electromagnetic Waves

The eighth chapter of Class 12 Physics is about Electromagnetic Waves, which is self-explanatory in terms of what we will study in this chapter. The chapter introduces the electromagnetic spectrum and various electromagnetic waves. It also provides a detailed explanation of the usefulness and hazardous nature of these waves. The complete list of topics covered in this chapter is as follows:

Displacement Current
Electromagnetic Waves
Electromagnetic Spectrum

CBSE Class 12 Physics Notes Chapter 9 - Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

Chapter nine of Class 12 Physics is about Ray Optics and Optical Instruments, which provides a detailed description of the workings of the optical world. In this chapter, reflection, and refraction are reintroduced to students along with all the relevant formulas and their derivations. Apart from these topics, this chapter also covers the following topics in detail:

Reflection of Light by Spherical Mirrors
Refraction
Total Internal Reflection
Refraction at Spherical Surfaces and by Lenses
Refraction Through a Prism
Optical Instruments

CBSE Class 12 Physics Notes Chapter 10 - Wave Optics

The tenth chapter of Class 12 Physics also deals with optics but from the perspective of waves. We learn that light has a dual nature, which means it can behave both as a particle and a wave. This chapter focuses on the wave nature of light and reintroduces all the topics covered in optics with this new perspective. The topics covered in these notes include:

Huygens Principle
Refraction and Reflection of Plane Waves Using Huygens Principle
Coherent and Incoherent Addition of Waves
Interference of Light Waves and Young’s Experiment
Diffraction
Polarisation

CBSE Class 12 Physics Notes Chapter 11 - Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

Chapter 11 takes the dual nature of light introduced in the previous chapter and applies it to matter, specifically electrons, which also behave like waves. This chapter covers the work and experiments of various scientists who proved this phenomenon. The complete list of topics covered in this chapter is as follows:

Electron Emission
Photoelectric Effect
Experimental Study of Photoelectric Effect
Einstein’s Photoelectric Equation: Energy Quantum of Radiation
Particle Nature of Light: the Photon
Wave Nature of Matter
Davisson and Germer Experiment

CBSE Class 12 Physics Notes Chapter 12 - Atoms

The 12th chapter of Class 12 Physics is about Atoms, which seems out of place in the continuation of the syllabus as every topic until now has been a natural continuation of the previous ones. Nevertheless, in this chapter, we study the atomic models proposed by various brilliant minds in the academic world. The complete list of topics covered in this chapter is as follows:

Alpha-particle Scattering and Rutherford’s Nuclear Model of Atom
Atomic Spectra
Bohr Model of the Hydrogen Atom
The Line Spectra of the Hydrogen Atom
De Broglie’s Explanation of Bohr’s Second Postulate of Quantisation

CBSE Class 12 Physics Notes Chapter 13 - Nuclei

Chapter 13 in the list of chapters of Class 12 Physics is about Nuclei, which is the perfect chapter to introduce after the study of atoms. In this chapter, several conceptual topics are introduced, which provide a strong foundational knowledge for higher studies, such as binding energy, radioactivity, and nuclear energy. The complete list of topics covered in this chapter is as follows:

Atomic Masses and Composition of Nucleus
Size of the Nucleus
Mass energy and Nuclear Binding Energy
Nuclear Force
Radioactivity
Nuclear Energy

CBSE Class 12 Physics Notes Chapter 14 - Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices, and Simple Circuits

The fourteenth chapter of Class 12 Physics has the longest name out of all the chapters, which is "Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices, and Simple Circuits". This chapter introduces very basic electronics to students who, if interested, can opt for electronics in their higher studies. In this chapter, semiconductors, which are the foundation of this digital age, are introduced to students for the first time. In addition to that, the following topics are also covered in the chapter:

Classification of Metals, Conductors, and Semiconductors
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Semiconductor
P-n Junction
Semiconductor Diode
Special Purpose P-n Junction Diodes
Digital Electronics and Logic Gates

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