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  4. Molecular Basis of Inheritance Chapter-Wise Test 3

Molecular Basis of Inheritance Chapter-Wise Test 3

Correct answer Carries: 4.

Wrong Answer Carries: -1.

Which of the following is incorrect about ribosomes?

Ribosomes are made of rRNA and proteins.
Ribosomes have a large and small subunit.
Ribosomes are membrane-bound organelles.
Ribosomes play a role in protein synthesis.
3

Ribosomes are not membrane-bound organelles; they are freely floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough ER.

Which type of mutation does NOT alter the amino acid sequence of a protein?

Silent mutation
Missense mutation
Nonsense mutation
Frameshift mutation
1

A silent mutation changes a nucleotide sequence but does not alter the amino acid sequence due to redundancy in the genetic code.

Which of the following correctly describes a nonsense mutation?

It results in an amino acid substitution.
It leads to a premature stop codon.
It does not affect protein function.
It causes a frameshift in the reading frame.
2

A nonsense mutation introduces a premature stop codon, leading to an incomplete protein.

Which enzyme catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds during translation?

DNA polymerase
Peptidyl transferase
RNA polymerase
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
2

Peptidyl transferase, an enzymatic activity of rRNA, catalyzes peptide bond formation during translation.

Which of the following statements about the lac operon is correct?

It is always active, regardless of lactose presence
It is an inducible operon regulated by lactose
It codes only for structural proteins
It functions only in eukaryotic cells
2

The lac operon is an inducible operon that is activated in the presence of lactose to allow lactose metabolism.

What is the role of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence in prokaryotic translation?

Marks the stop codon
Aids in ribosome binding to mRNA
Facilitates exon splicing
Initiates transcription
2

The Shine-Dalgarno sequence in prokaryotes helps the ribosome bind to the mRNA for translation initiation.

Which of the following is NOT an essential property of genetic material?

Ability to replicate
Structural stability
Ability to change (mutation)
Ability to directly catalyze biochemical reactions
4

Genetic material does not directly catalyze biochemical reactions; instead, proteins and ribozymes perform catalytic functions.

Which region of a gene determines where transcription will begin?

Promoter
Enhancer
Operator
Terminator
1

The promoter is the region of a gene where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription.

Which of the following is the first step in translation initiation?

Binding of tRNA to the ribosome
Binding of mRNA to the ribosomal small subunit
Formation of a peptide bond
Addition of poly-A tail
2

In translation initiation, the mRNA first binds to the small ribosomal subunit before tRNA attachment.

Which of the following is a major post-translational modification in proteins?

Splicing
Phosphorylation
Capping
Polyadenylation
2

Phosphorylation is a major post-translational modification that regulates protein activity.

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