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  4. Excretory Products and Their Elimination Chapter-Wise Test 3

Excretory Products and Their Elimination Chapter-Wise Test 3

Correct answer Carries: 4.

Wrong Answer Carries: -1.

Which of the following is correct about the role of aldosterone in kidney function?

Aldosterone decreases sodium reabsorption.
Aldosterone promotes the excretion of sodium ions.
Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion.
Aldosterone is secreted by the pituitary gland.
3

Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption in the kidney while promoting potassium excretion.

Which of the following statements about nitrogenous waste excretion is incorrect?

Ammonotelic organisms excrete ammonia.
Uric acid is excreted in a highly toxic and water-soluble form.
Ureotelic organisms excrete urea as the primary nitrogenous waste.
Humans are ureotelic organisms.
2

Uric acid is the least toxic nitrogenous waste and is excreted in a water-insoluble form.

Which blood vessel carries filtered blood away from the glomerulus?

Afferent arteriole
Efferent arteriole
Renal vein
Peritubular capillaries
2

The efferent arteriole carries blood away from the glomerulus after filtration.

Which of the following structures in the nephron is impermeable to water?

Proximal convoluted tubule
Descending limb of Henle’s loop
Ascending limb of Henle’s loop
Collecting duct
3

The ascending limb of Henle’s loop is impermeable to water but actively transports electrolytes.

Which of the following statements about the renal corpuscle is correct?

It consists of the glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule.
It is responsible for active reabsorption of glucose.
It produces concentrated urine directly.
It is part of the Loop of Henle.
1

The renal corpuscle is composed of the glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule and is responsible for ultrafiltration.

Which component is normally absent in the glomerular filtrate?

Glucose
Amino acids
Proteins
Sodium ions
3

Proteins are too large to pass through the filtration barrier and are normally absent in the glomerular filtrate.

Which condition is characterized by an excess of urea in the blood?

Diabetes mellitus
Uremia
Renal calculi
Glomerulonephritis
2

Uremia is a condition in which urea accumulates in the blood due to kidney failure.

Which of the following hormones regulates the reabsorption of sodium ions in the kidney?

ADH
Aldosterone
Insulin
Glucagon
2

Aldosterone regulates sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts, aiding in water retention.

Which structure is responsible for ultrafiltration in the nephron?

Loop of Henle
Bowman’s capsule
Collecting duct
Distal convoluted tubule
2

Bowman’s capsule, along with the glomerulus, performs ultrafiltration by filtering blood plasma.

Which statement about the renal threshold of glucose is incorrect?

The renal threshold for glucose is around 180 mg/dL.
If blood glucose levels exceed the renal threshold, glucose appears in urine.
All individuals have the same renal threshold for glucose.
Below the renal threshold, all glucose is reabsorbed in the nephron.
3

The renal threshold for glucose can vary among individuals depending on physiological conditions.

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